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Revista Matronas

Revista Matronas

ENERO 2016 N° 1 Volumen 4

Zika virus and pregnancy

Section: Revisions

Authors

1 Eduardo Martínez Martín, 2 Dolores Macarro Ruiz, 3 Paloma Martínez Galán, 4 Javier Manrique Tejedor, 5 Miguel Ángel García Rebollo

Position

1 Matrón Hospital General de Segovia.2 Matrona Hospital Virgen del Puerto (Plasencia).3 Matrona Hospital Virgen de la Salud (Toledo).4 Matrón Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII (Tarragona).5 Matrón Hospital Materno-Infantil de Badajoz.

Contact email: edumartinez25@hotmail.com

Abstract

Zika virus (ZV) belongs to Flaviviridae family, also including dengue, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Currently, ZV disease is not present in Europe, although it could emerge due to its quick spreading through the Americas and to the dissemination of its vector all over the world, including Europe.
ZV disease symptoms are usually mild and can even be unnoticed or be mistaken as dengue, chikungunya or other viral diseases causing fever and rash.
It has also been associated to newborn neurological abnormalities, such as microcephalus, brain calcifications and eye lesions. As a relevant finding, it should be stressed that an estimated 80% of people infected with ZV are symptom-free. In pregnant women, ZV infection can occur at any gestational age and, theoretically, fetal morbidity depends on the pregnancy trimester in which mother-to-fetus transmission occurs. Highest risk for microcephalus and malformations appears to be related to Zika infection during the first trimester.
Main relevance of the present review is due to fact that, although this is a group susceptible to infection, pregnant women do not show a higher risk of infection. However, this is the main target group for recommendations and actions to promote prevention based on available evidence indicating an association of ZV infection with congenital abnormalities, with first trimester being the period with a highest risk for fetal involvement.

Keywords:

Zika virus; infection; pregnancy

Versión en Español

Título:

Virus Zika y embarazo

Artículo completo no disponible en este idioma / Full article is not available in this language

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