Educational interventions and evidence on prevention of falls in the elderly

Section: Originals

How to quote

Ferrández Belén L, Sancho Raimundo SE, Gamarra Lousa M. Intervenciones educativas y evidencias para la prevención de caídas en ancianos. RIdEC 2017; 10(2):6-20.

Authors

1 Lorena Ferrández Belén, 2 Sheila Elena Sancho Raimundo, 3 Marta Gamarra Lousa

Position

1 Enfermera residente de 2º año de enfermería familiar y comunitaria.2 Máster interuniversitario en ciencias de la enfermería. Enfermera especialista en atención familiar y comunitaria.3 Enfermera. Tutora de EIR.

Contact email: ferrandezbelenlorena@gmail.com

Abstract

Purpose: to assess whether health education is an effective measure and to evaluate evidence regarding falls prevention. To identify interventions having scientific evidence regarding falls prevention.
Methods: a narrative literature review from November 2016 to April 2017. Research question: interventions based on health education to prevent falls in the elderly, based on the Sacketts' four elements (PICO), using health sciences descriptors (DeCS), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trials (RCT) and systematic reviews (SR) evaluated by means of the Spanish Critical Appraisal Skills Program CASPe, from 2010 to 2017, using full text, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Exclusion criteria: those not fulfilling inclusion criteria. Databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, Cinhal, Scielo, Dialnet, LILACS. A total of 137 articles were reviewed; five RCT and five SR were selected. Quality and strength of recommendations based on evidence according to Institute Joanna Briggs.
Results: four articles with significant results describe interventions based on health education. Five articles developed programs with interventions including physical exercises and skills development for falls prevention in the elderly.
Conclusion: nurses should conduct evidence-based programs and interventions to prevent falls individually and in groups; the best place to apply health education activities is a primary care center. More research is needed to continuously improve our knowledge and the quality of life in the elderly.

Keywords:

prevention; fall; elderly; health education

Versión en Español

Título:

Intervenciones educativas y evidencias para la prevención de caídas en ancianos

Artículo completo no disponible en este idioma / Full article is not available in this language

Bibliography

  1. Fernández E, Estévez M. La valoración geriátrica integral en el anciano frágil hospitalizado: revisión sistemática. Gerokomos [internet]. Marzo 2013 [citado 3 nov 2017]; 24(1):8-13. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1134-928X2013000100002&lng=es
  2. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Documento de consenso sobre prevención de fragilidad y caídas en la persona mayor. Estrategia de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención en el SNS. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad; 2014.
  3. Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS. ¿Qué es la promoción de la salud? [internet]. Agosto 2016. [citado 3 nov 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/features/qa/health-promotion/es/
  4. Instituto Nacional de Estadística INE. Proyección de la población de España 2014-2064 [internet]. Octubre 2014. [citado 3 nov 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.ine.es/prensa/np870.pdf
  5. Instituto Nacional de Estadística INE. Defunciones según la Causa de Muerte [internet]. Febrero 2015. [citado 3 nov 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.ine.es/prensa/np896.pdf
  6. Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS. Caídas [internet]. Septiembre 2016. [citado 3 nov 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs344/es/
  7. Grupo EBE del área de Soria. Protocolo EBE de la Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Soria para búsqueda de evidencias. Soria: Grupo EBE; 2010.
  8. Sackett DL, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB. Cómo formular preguntas clínicas que usted pueda responder. En: Sackett DL, RichardsonWS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB (eds.). Medicina basada en la evidencia. Madrid: Churchill Livingstone; 1997.
  9. CASPe (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme). Programa de habilidades en lectura crítica y búsqueda de información científica [internet]. [citado 3 nov 2017]. Disponible en: http://www.redcaspe.org/
  10. New JBI Levels of Evidence. [internet] [cited 3 nov 2017]. Available from: http://joannabriggs.org/assets/docs/approach/JBI-Levels-of-evidence_2014.pdf
  11. New JBI Grades of Recommendation. [internet] [cited 3 nov 2017]. Available from: http://joannabriggs.org/assets/docs/approach/JBI-grades-of-recommendation_2014.pdf
  12. Laguna JM, Carrascosa RR, Zafra F, Carrascosa MI, Luque FM, Alejo JA, et al. Effectiveness of interventions for prevention falls in the elderly: systematic review. Gerokomos [internet]. Septiembre 2010. [citado 3 nov 2017]; 21(3):97-107. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1134-928X2010000300002&lng=es
  13. Hill AM, Etherton Beer C, Haines TP. Tailored Education for Older Patients to Facilitate Engagement in Falls Prevention Strategies after Hospital Discharge-A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal List PLoS ONE [internet]. 2013 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 8(5). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3662677/
  14. CADTH Rapid Response Report. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Vitamin D Supplementation for the Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, or Guidelines [internet]. April 2016 [cited 3 nov 2017]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0087785/pdf/PubMedHealth_PMH0087785.pdf
  15. Duckham RL, Masud T, Taylor R, Kendrick D, Carpenter H, Ilife S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of community group and home-based falls prevention exercise programmes on bone health in older people: the ProAct65+ bone study. Age and Ageing [internet]. April 2015 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 44:573-79. Available from: http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/04/22/ageing.afv055.full.pdf?related-urls=yes;afv055v1&cited-by=yes;afv055v1&related-urls=yes&afv055v1
  16. Nyman SR, Víctor CR. Older people’s participation in and engagement with falls prevention interventions in community settings: an augment to the cochrane systematic review. Age Ageing [internet]. January 2012 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 41(1):16-23. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875865
  17. Jeon MY, Jeong HC, Lee H, Petrofsky J, Yim J. Effects of a Randomized Controlled Recurrent Fall Prevention Program on Risk Factors for Falls in Frail Elderly Living at Home in Rural Communities. MedSciMonit [internet]. 2014 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 20:2283-91. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268283122_Effects_of_a_Randomized_Controlled_Recurrent_Fall_Prevention_Program_on_Risk_Factors_for_Falls_in_Frail_Elderly_Living_at_Home_in_Rural_Communities
  18. Svantesson U, Babagbemi B, Foster L, Alricsson M. Influences on Modern Multifactorial Falls Prevention Interventions and Fear of Falling in Non-Frail Older Adults: A Literature Review. J Clin Med Res [internet]. October 2014 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 6(5):314-20. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4125325/
  19. McPhate L, Simek EM, Haines TP. Program-related factors are associated with adherence to group exercise interventions for the prevention of falls: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy [internet]. June 2013 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 59(2):81-92. Available drom: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1836955313701607
  20. El-Khoury F, Cassou B, Latouche A, Aegerter P, Charles MA, Dargent-Molina P. Effectiveness of two year balance training programme on prevention of fall induced injuries in at risk women aged 75-85 living in community: Ossébo randomised controlled trial. BMJ [internet]. June 2015 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 351. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3830
  21. Clemson L, Fiatarone MA, Bundy A, Cumming RG, Manollaras K, O’loughlin P, Black D. Integration of balance and strength training into daily life activity to reduce rate of falls in older people (the LiFE study): randomised parallel trial. BMJ [internet]. August 2012 [cited 3 nov 2017]; 345. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e4547