3
Revista Matronas

Revista Matronas

DICIEMBRE 2019 N° 3 Volumen 7

Update of the Measurement Tools for Gestational Anxiety: A meta-summary

Section: Revisions

How to quote

Barrio Forné N, García Moyano LM, Arrazola Alberdi O, Grau Salamero L, Gasch Gallén A, Tomás Aznar CA. Actualización de los instrumentos de medida de la ansiedad gestacional. Un metarresumen. Matronas hoy. 2019; 7(3):13-9.

Authors

1 Natalia Barrio Forné, 2 Loreto María García Moyano, 2 Oihana Arrazola Alberdi, 3 Laura Grau Salamero, 4 Ángel Gasch Gallén, 5 Concepción Ángeles Tomás Aznar

Position

1 Matrona. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza).2 Enfermera. Hospital San Jorge (Huesca).3 Enfermera. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza).4 Profesor Ayudante Doctor. Universidad de Zaragoza.5 Profesora Titular. Universidad de Zaragoza.

Contact email: nata_barrio@hotmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: gestational anxiety can have an impact on the health of pregnant woman and fetus; therefore, it is important to detect it through screening systems adequate for this population.  
Objective: to examine those validated tools used for measuring anxiety during pregnancy.
Method: a meta-summary based on a bibliographic review conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases.
Results: the tool most widely used was the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI), followed by others such as the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). This is due to the specificity and easy understanding of these scales.
Discussion: the third trimester of gestation is the time-point selected in order to assess any potential anxiety traits. The majority of validated surveys use a method of evaluation per items with Likert-type classification, which allows an analysis of their results.   
Conclusions: of all scales and inventories available, STAI is the best for screening gestational anxiety, because it is the most widely validated in this population, presents concise items, and there is minimum variability of interpretation.

Keywords:

anxiety; pregnancy; reviewself-evaluation

Versión en Español

Título:

Actualización de los instrumentos de medida de la ansiedad gestacional. Un metarresumen

Artículo completo no disponible en este idioma / Full article is not available in this language

Bibliography

  1. Ross LE, McLean LM. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry 2006 Aug; 67(8):1285-98.
  2. Chistiakova NV, Sergienko EA, Savost'Ianov KV. Common variants of the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor genes may contribute to pregnancy-related anxiety: A pilot study. Central European Journal of Medicine 2013; 8(1):117-24.
  3. Alehagen S, Wijma B, Lundberg U, Wijma K. Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 26(3):153-65.
  4. Berle J, Mykletun A, Daltveit AK, Rasmussen S, Holsten F, Dahl AA. Neonatal outcomes in offspring of women with anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Archives of Women's Mental Health 2005 Sep; 8(3):181-9.
  5. Qiu C, Williams MA, Calderon-Margalit R, Cripe SM, Sorensen TK. Preeclampsia Risk in Relation to Maternal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Diagnosed Before or During Early Pregnancy. Am. J. Hypertens. 2009 Apr; 22(4):397-402.
  6. Kang YT, Yao Y, Dou J, Guo X, Li SY, Zhao CN, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of maternal anxiety in late pregnancy in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016; 13(5):E468.
  7.  King NMA, Chambers J, O'Donnell K, Jayaweera SR, Williamson C, Glover VA. Anxiety, depression and saliva cortisol in women with a medical disorder during pregnancy. Archives of Womens Mental Health 2010 Aug; 13(4):339-45.
  8.  Ip WY, Tang CS, Goggins WB. An educational intervention to improve women's ability to cope with childbirth. J Clin Nurs 2009 Aug; 18(15):2125-35.
  9. Szeverenyi R, Poka R, Hetey M, Torok Z. Contents of childbirth-related fear among couples wishing the partners presence at delivery. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 19:38-43.
  10. Chandra PS, Ranjan S. Psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology - A neglected field? Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2007; 20(2):168-73.
  11.  Makara-Studzińska M, Morylowska-Topolska J, Sygit K, Sygit M, Goździewska M. Socio-demographical and psychosocial determinants of anxiety symptoms in a population of pregnant women in the regions of central and eastern Poland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2013; 20(1):195-202.
  12. Lederman RP, Lederman E, Work BA Jr, McCann DS. The relationship of maternal prenatal development to progress in labor and fetal-newborn health. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1981; 17(6):5-28.
  13. Brown LB. Anxiety in pregnancy. Br J Med Psychol 1964; 37:47-58.
  14. Qiao Y, Wang J, Li J, Wang J. Effects of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy on pregnant, obstetric and neonatal outcomes: A follow-up study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 32:237-40.
  15. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: TestManual. Palo Alto, CA.; 1970.
  16. Chico Libran E. Personalidad y psicopatía: relaciones dimensionales y capacidad discriminativa en dos muestras equiparadas. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Psicología: Universidad Rovira i Virgili; 1994.
  17. Dos Reis Quintao S. Validación de la versión portuguesa de la escala de ansiedad de Beck- BAI. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca; 2010.
  18. Bados A. Trastorno de la ansiedad generalizada. Cuestionarios y escalas de valoración. Facultad de psicología: Universidad de Barcelona; 2009. p. 1-98.
  19. Desouky D, Allam H. Occupational stress, anxiety and depression among Egyptian teachers. J Epidemiol Global Health 2017; 7:191-8.
  20. Ali NS, Azam IS, Ali BS, Tabbusum G, Moin SS. Frequency and associated factors for anxiety and depression in pregnant women: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. The Scientific World Journal 2012; 2012:653098.
  21. Sato Y, Kato T, Kakee N. A six-month follow-up study of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms among Japanese. Int J Epidemiol 2008 Mar; 18(2):84-7.
  22. Hall WA, Stoll K, Hutton EK, Brown H. A prospective study of effects of psychological factors and sleep on obstetric interventions, mode of birth, and neonatal outcomes among low-risk British Columbian women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012; 12:78.
  23. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Toivanen R, Tokola M, Halmesmaki E, Ryding EL, et al. Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience-a randomised controlled trial. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 36(1):1-9.
  24. Huizink AC, Delforterie MJ, Scheinin NM, Tolvanen M, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. Adaption of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire-revised for all pregnant women regardless of parity: PRAQ-R2. Archives of Womens Mental Health 2016 Feb; 19(1):125-32.
  25. Witteveen AB, De Cock P, Huizink AC, De Jonge A, Klomp T, Westerneng M, et al. Pregnancy related anxiety and general anxious or depressed mood and the choice for birth setting: a secondary data-analysis of the DELIVER study. Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth 2016 Nov;16.
  26. Pimenta BSO, Nomura RMY, Nakamura MU, Moron AF. Maternal anxiety and fetal movement patterns in late pregnancy. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine: the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2016-Jun; 29(12):2008-12.
  27. Allison SJ, Stafford J, Anumba DO. The effect of stress and anxiety associated with maternal prenatal diagnosis on feto-maternal attachment. BMC Womens Health 2011; 11:33.
  28. Akiki S, Avison WR, Speechley KN, Campbell MK. Determinants of maternal antenatal state-anxiety in mid-pregnancy: Role of maternal feelings about the pregnancy. Journal of affective disorders 2016-May-15; 196:260-7.
  29. Broekman BF, Chan YH, Chong YS, Kwek K, Cohen SS, Haley CL, et al. The influence of anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy on birth size. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2014 Mar; 28(2):116-26.
  30. Armstrong DS, Hutti MH, Myers J. The influence of prior perinatal loss on parents' psychological distress after the birth of a subsequent healthy infant. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2009 Nov-Dec; 38(6):654-66.
  31. Groome LJ, Swiber MJ, Bentz LS, Holland SB, Atterbury JL. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy: effect on fetal behavior at 38 to 40 weeks of gestation. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1995 Dec; 16(6):391-6.
  32. Figueiredo B, Pacheco A, Costa R, Conde A, Teixeira C. Mother's anxiety and depression during the third pregnancy trimester and neonate's mother versus stranger's face/voice visual preference. Early Hum Dev 2010 Aug; 86(8):479-85.
  33. Bann CM, Parker CB, Grobman WA, Willinger M, Simhan HN, Wing DA, et al. Psychometric properties of stress and anxiety measures among nulliparous women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 38(1):53-62.
  34. Glazer G. Anxiety levels and concerns among pregnant women. Res Nurs Health 1980 Sep; 3(3):107-13.
  35. Bijlenga D, Koopmans CM, Birnie E, Mol BW, van der Post JA, Bloemenkamp KW, et al. Health-related quality of life after induction of labor versus expectant monitoring in gestational hypertension or preeclampsia at term. Hypertens Pregnancy 2011; 30(3):260-74.
  36.  Van Bussel JC, Spitz B, Demyttenaere K. Anxiety in pregnant and postpartum women. An exploratory study of the role of maternal orientations. J Affect Disord 2009 Apr; 114(1-3):232-42.
  37. Newham JJ, Wittkowski A, Hurley J, Aplin JD, Westwood M. Effects of antenatal yoga on maternal anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety 2014 Aug; 31(8):631-40.
  38. Julian L. Measures of anxiety. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63:S467-72.