Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Influence of the implementation of preventive nursing measures in critical patients
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Sánchez Crespo M, Martínez Martín ML, Martín Salinas C, Rincón del Toro T. Neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica. Influencia de la aplicación de medidas enfermeras preventivas en pacientes críticos. Metas Enferm 2013; 16(10): 14-19.
Authors
1Mónica Sánchez Crespo, 2María Luisa Martínez Martín, 2Carmen Martín Salinas, 2Teresa Rincón del Toro
Position
1Enfermera. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 2Profesoras Sección Departamental de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Contact address
Mónica Sánchez Cresp. Sección Departamental de Enfermería. Facultad de Medicina. UAM. C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 2. 28046 Madrid.
Contact email: Monica_41105@hotmail.com
Abstract
Pneumonia is the second infectious complication within the hospital setting, and the first one in Intensive Care Units. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) represents 33.53% of the infections controlled in said units. For this reason, control programs and prevention protocols have been developed in order to reduce their incidence; nurses play a leading role in their implementation.
Objective: to analyze the influence of preventive nursing measures in VAP control for critical patients.
Methodology: narrative review through bibliographic search in the PubMed and Cinahl databases, the Academic Google search-engine, in the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, and in periodical publications associated with the subject, about the four measures selected from the Zero Pneumonia (ZP) Project: strict hand hygiene with alcohol-based products (ABPs) before handling the airways; mouth hygiene using chlorhexidine (0.12%-0.2%), control and maintenance of the endotracheal tube cuff pressure above 20 cm H2O and preventing, whenever possible, the supine position at 0o .
Results and conclusions: presented regarding four of the measures suggested by the PZ protocol; the conclusion is that their correct implementation reduces the incidence of VAP. However, a systematic practice is not observed in all units, and therefore, it is recommended to implement a continued training for professionals.
Keywords:
pneumonia; ventilation-associated; ICUhospital infection
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