Authors

Pablo Esteban-Gutiérrez1, Ángela Hernández-Ruiz2a, Blanca Riquelme-Gallego3, Mario Rodríguez-Baeza4, Mónica García-García5a

Position

1Graduado en Enfermería. Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad de Valladolid. Hospital Universitario Río Hortega. Valladolid (España)2Doctora (Universidad de Granada). Área de Desarrollo de proyectos científicos. Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT). Granada (España). Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad de Valladolid. Valladolid (España)3Doctora (Universidad de Granada). Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Granada. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. Granada (España)4Máster en Nutrigenómica y Nutrición personalizada. Atención Primaria. Residente de EFyC. Centro de salud de Archidona. Málaga (España)5Máster universitario en Gestión Integral del Riesgo Cardiovascular. Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad de Valladolid. Servicio de Emergencias Sanitarias de Sacyl. Valladolid (España). Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de Ávila. Centro Adscrito Universidad de Salamanca. Ávila (España)a Misma contribución

Contact address

Ángela Hernández Ruiz. Área de Desarrollo de proyectos científicos. Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT). Avenida del Conocimiento, 12. Edifi

Contact email: angelahr.investigacion@gmail.com

Abstract

Objectives: to describe the different models of basic (BT) and advanced (AT) outpatient triage more widely used, their basic concepts and protocols of action. Secondary objectives: to analyse their parameters, main characteristics, advantages, drawbacks, efficacy and completion time.
Method: a panoramic review was conducted according to the PRISMA methodology, in MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Google Scholar and the Spanish Council of Outpatient and Hospital Triage website, until January 2021. The study included results about the main models of outpatient triage applied in incidents with multiple victims and catastrophes. Those associated with coronavirus and pediatric population were excluded.
Results: for this study, 465 references were retrieved, and 16 out of these were finally selected. The most widely used BT methods were START, SHORT, CareFlight and Sieve, and META for AT. Most BT models are derived from the START method, which is the most widely known and applied at global level, even though it requires more time, the same as Sieve, and unlike SHORT and particularly CareFlight, which is the fastest. The SHORT method has the highest sensitivity and specificity; on the other hand, the SALT method is the most complete, because it includes chest compressions and self-administration of injectable drugs. Overall, the META model was superior to the rest, in terms of performing a better triage of victims.
Conclusions: most triage methods are valid and useful; META is superior to those based on START. The choice of method will depend on the type of incident, its setting, and staff training.

Keywords:

triage; basic triage; advanced triage; out-of-hospital triage; emergency medical services; casualty triage; emergency Nursing; scoping review

Versión en Español

Título:

Principales modelos de triaje extrahospitalario básico y avanzado